Definitions of Management By Some Authors

Management is the process of managing all the activities and tasks required to maintain or achieve a desired level which most of the time deals with people related issues. It also includes making and applying quality scheduling, with quality control and quality upgrading. It is also known as the total quality management (TQM). Management only concerned about the accomplishments of the task for achieve a pre-determined objective by utilizing people and resources.

 

Different authors of management have viewed management from their own point of view and they also emphasis on different expects of the management. For an example, F.W. Taylor emphasized on engineering aspects, George R. Terry emphasis on decision making aspect, some of them like Barry Richman also emphasized on integration or coordination aspect of the management. 

George R. Terry tried to explain management is a different process in which planning, organizing, motivating and controlling; utilizing together science and art and followed in order to accomplish a pre-determined goal.

F.W. Taylor considered management as the skill of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest way.

Mary Parker Follett clarify management is the art of getting things done through other people.

Harold Koontz said it is an art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups.

Peter Drucker gives explanation about it that management is a multipurpose organ that manages business, managers, workers and work also.

From above definitions we can say that Management is a societal and technological process in which planning, organizing, staffing and controlling etc are the major portion. In the formation, direction, maintenance and operation of an organization management helps in every aspects. It tries to maximize benefits for the employer, the employees, and the other people of the organization.

Related article:  Management Concepts

Issues Related With Human Resources

Retirement:

Retirement means stopping of work after attaining a particular age limit. But voluntary retirement of a worker in any establishment on completion of nearly 25 years service shall be deemed to be “Retirement”.

Working Hour:

The time when workers remain under the control of his employer for their work excepting time for eating and resting is the working hour for workers. 

Workshop:

Workshop means such premises or yard where industrial process is carried on.

Factory:

Any location or work area where generally five or more workers remain engaged in work on any day of the year is known as the “factory”.

Gratuity:

Gratuity means 30 days wages of a worker at the rate of last drawn wages for a full year or more than six months service which he gets on conclusion of service.

Retrenchment: 

Retrenchment is the termination of workers by the employer on the ground of needlessness caused by redundancy.

Discharge:

Discharge means termination of the service of worker by the employer on account of physical or mental disability.

Day:

It is a period of twenty four hours beginning from six o’ clock in the morning.

Shift:

Same kind of work is carried out by two or more sets of workers; working during the different periods of day is the “shift”.

Dismissal:

Termination of services of any worker for his or her misconduct by the employer is referred as “dismissal”.

Week:

A period of seven days which commences from six o’ clock in the morning of any Sunday or from any other day determined by the government for any area.

Labor Laws Related With HR

Classification of workers and periods of probation:

If any worker demand in depend on the time to time basis then the worker will be called casual worker.

If any company will appoint a worker for a particular work or time then that worker will be known as a temporary worker.

Conditions of service:

Under the conditions of service a company has to submit the service rule to the chief inspector for the approval. But the submission will be only done by the employers of the company. Chief inspector within six months of reception of service rule will give his order.

Any service rule of a company will not be effective if it do not get the approval of chief inspector.

After receiving the order from chief inspector a company can appeal to government within 30 days of orders. Then government will take a decision on the basis of the appeal.

Service Book:

Employer of a company will arrange a service book for each worker. Authority to maintain a service book will be on the employer of the company.

If any worker asserts that he has worked in another place then the employer shall require his service book before give appointment to that employee. If any worker of a company does not have any service book then arrangement shall have to be made for a service book. Workers also can maintain service book by their own cost.

Form of the Service Book:

In service book a fixed photo of workers and the description of each worker will be mentioned.

Name, address and birthday of workers, Name and address of the workers previous employer, duration of service, profession or post on that job, wages and allowances etc will come under the form of service book.

Procedure for leave:

If a worker desire to leave then he has to apply a written application to the employer and the leave-address should be mentioned there. Employer shall issue orders on the application within seven day from the date of receipts.

If the leave prayed for granted by the company, a leave pass is to be issued to the workers.          

After getting the leave if workers want to extend that time workers of that company should apply before his leave will be expired. In this case worker can get the permission or rejection to his leave address.

Stoppage of work:

In the event of fire, catastrophe, breakdown of machinery, epidemic, civil commotion employer of that company may stop all the section or specifically any section. But the employer has to give a notice to the worker for stoppage of their work.

In this period if some worker work then they will get wages if their work time will be more than one hour. If the working period is more than one day then the worker will get wages beyond the first one day of stoppage. If the stoppage of work is more than three days then workers will be considered as laid off.

Closure of Establishment:

If workers will go for illegal strikes then the employer may close down wholly or partly any section of that company. In this strikes workers shall not get any wages. But for this strikes if other section will be affected then that sections, workers should get those wages.

Death benefit:

If any worker works more than three years in a company and suddenly meets death, then employer will provide death benefit to those workers nominated person or dependent. The employers may pay gratuity or 30 days wages which will be greater for his service.

Supply Chain Management and Its Ideas

What is Supply Chain Management?

Supply Chain Management involves managing and directing facets of the "supply chain". A supply chain is a network of interrelated businesses .Each business gives one side of the chain from production to the obtaining of raw materials to the transportation of resources to the manufacturing process to the end user market to the final act of consumption. The final goal of supply chain management is to make this chain run effectively and efficiently when reducing costs and carrying customer satisfaction.

Ideas of Supply Chain Management

The theory of Supply Chain Management is depends on two main idea. The first idea is that basically each and every goods that reaches, the customer represents growing attempts of many organizations. These organizations are known together as the supply chain. The second idea is that when supply chains have existed for a lengthy time, the majority of the organizations have given concentration toward what was happening inside their “four walls.” A small number of businesses understood the total chain of actions that eventually distributed goods to the consumers. The consequence was disorganized and ineffective supply chains.

Supply chain management is the management of supply chain actions to develop value of customer and attain retain-able competitive advantage. It stand for a conscious attempts by the firms to expand and run supply chains in the most effective and competent ways possible. From product development, production, and logistics to the information systems which needed to synchronize these activities supply chain activities cover everything.

Through physical flows and information flows an organizations that framework the supply chain are linked. Physical flows related with the transformation, progress, and storage of goods and resources. They are the largest visible portion of the supply chain. On the other hand, Information flows permit different supply chain followers to synchronize their long-term plans and to direct the daily flow of goods and component up and down the supply chain.

Supply chain management (SCM) is the sets of art and science that goes into improving the systems one company gets the raw elements it desires to create a product or service and send it to customer. Five basic components of SCM are the followings:

1. Plan: 

Plan is the strategic segment of SCM. For managing all the resources companies need strategies that go near to meet customer requirement for their product or service. SCM planning is developing to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, less costly and bring high quality and value to its customers.

2. Source: 

To deliver the goods and services companies must choose suppliers, they need to make their product. As a result, supply chain managers must expand a set of pricing, delivery and compensation processes with suppliers and generate metrics for observing and improving relationships.

3. Make:

It is the manufacturing step. Supply chain managers plan the activities required for production, checking, packaging and for preparation of delivery. This is the most metric-intensive portion where companies are capable to determine quality levels, output of production and productivity of the worker.

4. Deliver: 

This is the part that many SCM insiders refer to as logistics, when companies coordinate the reception of orders from their customers, build up a network of warehouses, set up an invoicing structure to collect payments.

5. Return: 

This can be considered as the problematic part of the supply chain for many companies. Supply chain planners have to form a reactive and flexible network for obtaining defective and excess products back from their customers and supporting customers who have problems regarding delivery.

In SCM the responsibilities of Supply chain manager jobs are very important .Planning the delivery schedule, supervision the ordering and packaging methods, monitor and ensure the stock levels, make sure that the product has been arrived at the destination all will be considered as the supply chain management jobs.

Supply Chain Management Degree and its types? 

Supply chain management degree is a type of post-secondary degree which honored to the students who have accomplished a college, university or business school program that only focuses on the management of supply chain activities. Three basic types of supply chain management degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school are the followings:

• Bachelor's Degree in Supply Chain Management: Most bachelors’ programs take around four years to complete. It exclusively on logistics and supply chain management

• Master's Degree in Supply Chain Management: Master's programs take two years to complete; accelerated programs can usually be completed in less time.

• Doctorate Degree in Supply Chain Management : A doctorate program requires concentrated study and research in supply chain management. These programs generally take three to five years to complete, though program length can fluctuate.